ABSTRACT
beCALM’d™,
an amino acid, vitamin, and mineral formulation, was designed to
restore catecholaminergic, opioidergic, GABAergic, and serotonergic
deficits observed in individuals suffering from (1) addiction to
certain abusable substances, (2) from long-term, moderate-to-high
emotional stressors, and (3) from attention deficit hyperactivity
disorders. Several clinical studies proved the original beCALM’d
to be very effective as adjuncts to therapy for these disorders
through. Its formulation’s success was shown able to raise
the dopamine, GABA, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and serotonin neurotransmitter
levels through precursor loading. It raised the opioid neurotransmitter,
enkephalin, levels through enkephalinase inhibition using the amino
acid, d-phenylalanine. This was effective. However, it was found
that the addition of folic acid, a reduction in the d/l-phenylalanine
could be achieved. . . .(Patents 5,189,064 & 5,922,361) The
slightly modified formula was tried on patients suffering from the
above three disorders. The four week test followed a base line establishment
using the original formula. Measurements during the study included
AAP response, counselor assessment, and sobriety maintenance for
the abusable substance disorder measurements. The stress portion
of the study used perceived stress and systolic blood pressure.
The ADHD used counselor appraisal of attention span and hyperactivity.
During the experimental phase of the study, these indicators were
very significantly improved. The results thus show, that through
the use of this formulation modification, the clinical success achieved
by the original beCALM’d formula is significantly
improved.
INTRODUCTION
Confidential
INTRODUCTION Many well documented studies, such as those by K. Blum,
B. Ferrell, and T. Neher, have shown that the hypothalamus and hippocampus
neurotransmitters dopamine, enkephalin, GABA, norepinephrine, and
serotonin have very important effects on emotional response. A brief
discussion of these follows. A graphic list is given in table 1.
The
hypothalamus and hippocampus are those portions of the brain which
apply in the case of stress, AD/HD, and certain addictive diseases.
The neurotransmitter “subsystems” within these areas are an essential
part of man and have been used over the millennia to produce (among
others) the psychophysiological mechanisms necessary for human fight
or flee(self defense) reactions. It is seen from the following and
Figure 1 (on page 9), that the interrelationship among the systems
form a loop and thus each ultimately effects the others. This system
is triggered by the three disorder classes being studied here:
-
Stress causes the opioids to go down and norepinepherine to go
up.
- Addictive
diseases are often the result of a genetically or toxically caused
shortage of the opioids.
-
Attention defficit, hyperactivity disorder is often caused by
a shortage of the opioids, GABA, dopamine and serotonin. When
any combination of these are at abnormal levels, all become affected.
Thus, if stress holds the opioid level low frequently, or over a
long period of time, the "signal" goes from the opioids to Dopamine
and GABA to Norepinephrine to Serotonin to Opioids to, etc. and
a loop occurs. Each time around the loop, each of the neurotransmitter
levels are placed in an even lower supply condition. The individual
first becomes irritable, easily angered and finds himself or herself
suffering from easy loss of temper, sleeplessness etc., as shown
in the table. Many find relief in the artificial opioid produced
by alcohol, THIQ (tetrahydroisoquinaline), and thus become alcohol
dependent. Others find relief in carbohydrate bingeing. A few turn
to opiates such as heroin, morphine, etc.
The
loop and the following, then explain the problems mentioned:
- Lower
opioids levels create a sense of urgency. This sense of urgency
is usually expressed as the need to respond to certain physical
demands, (including cravings.) As soon as the body's need has
been taken care of, the sense of urgency goes away. According
to National Institute of Health studies, one in every 18 in the
United States abuses alcohol and is thus predicted to have genetically
caused low opioid levels. This means that from birth they have
a sense of urgency that does not relate to environmental causes.
- When
external factors (such as stress) force a lowering of the opioids
there results an increase in dopamine and norepinepherin levels
and a decrease in GABA levels. This produces a combination of
alertness and anxiety (a part of the fight or flee response.)
The so called adrenaline rush is in large part the feeling of
exhilaration caused by the norepinephrin and dopamine release.
Continual extra dopamine release causes emotional fatigue which
can become debilitating. The dopamine conversion to norepinephrin
can also lead to anhedonia, in which case, one can no longer enjoy
beauty, music, or even love, in the extreme case. Continuously
low GABA usually causes anxiety and can lead to feelings of inadequacy.
In the long term it can manifest as panic attacks with no apparent
cause.
- The
lowering of the GABA levels causes the norepinephrine levels to
increase and serotonin levels to decrease.
- The
increase in norepinephrine causes adrenaline to be released. The
adrenaline presence induces the essential (internal) organs to
return their captured oxygen and energy packets to the blood 1
Confidential stream. It also produces a faster and more powerful
heart beat to get the packets to the muscles thus enabling better
defense. If this is continued over long periods of time the heart
triggering mechanisms often take the new rates as their set points
and hypertension frequently results. Unfortunately, this condition
may not be reversible. In the extreme case, this condition can
cause strokes and damage to a number of pressure sensitive organs
and passages. It can also cause damage to the heart. Further,
it usually causes the internal organs to become diseased.
- The
reduction of serotonin makes sleep difficult to impossible for
without serotonin, melatonin cannot induce sleep. It is important
to note that serotonin enables sleep. It does not induce it. Once
the serotonin becomes available, the body demands the sleep it
now badly needs. When this has been done the person feels rested
and “fully refreshed.” However, if it is not done and the stress
continues, the lack of sleep can cause a great deal of damage
to the body.
- The
increased norepinephrine encourages a quick, emotional response
(e.g. anger) and discourages slower, deliberate (logical) thinking.
The anger, thus inderectly released by the lack of the opioids,
is triggered more rapidly in the presence of the norepinephrine.
- The
serotonin reduction further modulates the opioids downward. The
cycle therefore repeats with continually increasing intensity
as long as the opioid reduction cause (e.g. stress) continues.
THE
SOLUTION:
The
last 20 years of research by many notable scientists such as Dr.
Kenneth Blum, Dr. Gerald Kozlowski, Dr. Terry Neher, and Dr. M.
L. Barbaccia, found that the depleted neurotransmitters can be replaced
from normal diet, but only very slowly. They further found that
the slowness was not due to a “lack of production cells”
but rather a “lack of precursors ( raw materials).” While
the quantities required vary from one individual to another, getting
these additional nutrients from food is generally difficult. The
average person would require several pounds of exotic fish, two
quarts of milk, and a variety of other high cholesterol and high
fat content foods daily. Condensed supplementation is thus the preferred
method of replacement. This can be done by taking each of the necessary
supplements individually or by taking a single capsule containing
all of them. Quantities of each are interrelated.
Various
formulae have been tried. For example, experiments in Russia showed
that good success could be achieved using 2 kilograms of d-phenylalanine
(d-Phe) per day. The d-Ph, cost, $250 per kilo’, makes this infeasible.
Similar experiments with GABA, or its precursor l-glutamine, yielded
similar results. It was later discovered and patented that a combination
of d-Phe, l-Phe, l-glutamine, and l-tryptophan (or catalysts for
its more efficient production of serotonin) required only a small
amount of each. In its newest form, that used in this study, it
was found that by adding folic acid, the quantities of d/l-Phe could
be reduced even further. This new formulation was demonstrated by
the clinical trial, reported upon here-in, to be superior to the
previous formulation.
Particular
emphasis must be made that in the previous formulation, trade named
“beCALM'd”, as much as two grams per day of d-phenylalanine was
used to inhibit the opioid destruction enzyme, enkephalinase. This
was done as the principal opioid precursors were so expensive as
to be very cost prohibitive. A new discovery (patent pending) found
that a small amount of d/l-Phenylalanine combined with requisite
amounts of folic acid provide the precursors necessary to increase
the opioid supply. Thus, the opioid shortage is normalized by body
function rather than controlled by patient demand (PRN.)
Inspection
of The Stress Cycle(See Figure 1) shows how such action stops the
“loop from recycling.” That is, enhancement of the opioids, GABA,
and serotonin each reduce the amplitude of the signal that is passed
on from the opioid system to the dopamine and GABA systems, etc.
This having been done, the human is able to function normally. That
is he or she can be himself or herself rather than like someone
suffering constant “agitation.”
CONCLUSION:
Today’s
preferred treatment of these related diseases is not a new miracle
drug or even significant life-style changes. (The latter often cause
more problems than they cure.) It is nutritional supplementation
with common items we all consume every day. . .but not in large
enough quantities. It is found in fish and algeas, in fish liver
oil, carrots, liver, eggs, and diary products. It is found in many
fruits and nuts, in milk, cheese, ham, and turkey. If one were to
eat the quantities of the above foods that are required to handle
modern continual stress, AD/HD, or predilections to addiction, he
would become obese in very short order and would probably have cholesterol
and triglyceride counts that would be life threatening.
The
concentrated nutritional supplementation is generally water soluble
and to take too much is a practical impossibility. That is, the
highest recommended dosages of the new beCALM’d
formula is 6 capsules per day. An average 180 pound man would be
likely to require 5,000 capsules a day before he noticed the first
untoward effect, slight euphoria. Thus, this nutritional supplementation
is perhaps the most safe, practical means of managing three of this
century’s most important disorders.
Contempt
prior to investigation on this issue may do more than keep man in
ignorance, it may be fatal.
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SUBJECTS
AND METHOD
To
test the formula, measurements were chosen to be as close as possible
to the those used to test the original beCALM’d
formula as discribed in the Research Reports on its first three
clinical trials. This formulation is discribed in detail in the
first of these reports. Copies of the reports may be obtained from
the Authors by writing them at P.O. Box 1111, Seabrook, TX 77586.
Group
Selection and Dosage Regimen
The
twenty-four subjects of this clinical trial were tested without
either formula for a one week period, to establish a base line.
They were then given the original (“Old”) formula for 10 days. The
study was then completed by giving the “new” formula for 15 days.
The subjects were chosen at randum from people who were then regularly
taking either five or six capsules per day of the original beCALM’d
formula and had a clinical history of their performance before taking
that formula. In each case the dosage had been established through
clinical observation of at least two months. The group included
eight who were taking the product for stress related reasons, twelve
were recovering alcoholics, and four were AD/HD students.
Test
Measurements
The
time of day for taking measurements was left to the individual.
The one provision was that it must be taken at the same time each
day.
Cardiovascular
Measurements: Standard systolic and diastolic blood pressure
measurements were taken by the participants, using a BMS model 11-780
Oscillometric Unit, and recorded daily throughout the study.
Perceived
Stress Level: Participants were asked to record their percieved
stress level by responding to the question “On a scale of 1 to 10,
with 1 being no stress and 10 being the most stress you have ever
experienced, how would you rate your stress level today?” Each was
then asked to circle their response on a 1 to 10 scale on that day’s
data sheet.
AAP
Behavioral Test: AAP Scores are subjective measurements applied
to each patient during the entire period of the test and the baseline
establishment time before the test. The AAP is a nonstandardized
evaluation tool developed by Dr. Neher. It includes key measures
of clinically important psychological and behavioral performance.
During the course of the study, changes were noted by Dr. Neher
and his staff.
On
admittance each patient was assigned a baseline value of 0. Each
day improvement or regression was noted with a range of improvement
from 0 to -5, and a range of regression from 0 +5: 0 indicated no
change from admittance status.
These
subjective measures quantify the clinical judgment of experienced
professionals. Averaging the judgements of the participating professionals
provided a profile that the staff agreed accurately represented
their response to each individual in the study.
AD/HD
Evaluation Test: This test is one that has been used for a
number of years by numerous CHADD groups. Each teacher during the
day keeps a log of the childs performance in comparison with his
“normal” classmates. Behavior more active than the norm is scored
as a 1 point for HD and behavior less active (e.g., lack of attention)
than the norm is scored as a 1 point for ADD. Behavior roughly the
same as the norm is scored as “0” points.
RESULTS
GENERAL
Table
3, below, gives a synopsis of the experimental data. An intrepretation
follows the table. |
”F” Scores: 1.0 indicates no difference in population (between tested
formulas), 1.84 indicates a 95% probability it is two different
populations and 2.39 indicates a 99% probability it is two different
populations. (95% is generally regarded as sufficient to prove a
treatment is effective.)
Mean
indicates whether the difference in population is represents a change
in the “average” or a reduction in variation between data points..
Separate
statistical analysis was done for blood pressure data of the recovering
alcoholics and the general stress population. However, as there
was little difference it was regarded as statistically better to
combine the recovering alcoholic groups and the general stress groups
to give a wider population basis. The blood pressures of the children
and adolescents of the AD/HD group were not taken as it was a) not
considered significant to this test, and b) not logistically practical.
The
reduction in blood pressure swings between the base line and Old
formula data (2.04) 7 represented a significant improvement. This
is important as the swings generally represent spikes that often
are the cause of various forms of cardiovascular disease and stroke
incidents. This is made even more dramatic in that the mean systolic
levels were lowered more than 20 points, an indication that norepinephrine
levels dropped.
In
the comparison of the Old formula to the New, portion of the test,
the “F” Scores and the systolic means indicate little difference
between the results. The 9 point drop in diastolic measurements
might indicate more consistent serotonin levels, however, the change
is considered statistically insignificant.
The
perceived stress “F” Score for no formula to Old formula indicates
a well above 95% correlation figure. Given the previous studies
and experience with this formula, these high improvement results
were expected. The perceived stress “F” Score for the Old formula
to New formula comparison show little difference in results between
the formulae. The measurements’ means are of little significance
as it is the perceived variance that indicates formula success.
The perceived “normal” level varies from person to person and has
little to do with changes.
Dr.
Neher’s HNL Relation scores, though subjective, are based on professional
evaluation. Day 1 is by definition “0”. During the week while each
subject was without either formula shows the wide variance that
is to be expected of the sober alcoholic. The fact that all of them
had been using the Old formula prior to this time, generally explains
the fact that the scores got worse just after the no formula period
began. The dramatic increase to an “F” score of approaching 3 standard
deviations is commensurate with past findings of Dr. Neher and his
staff in the use of the Old formula with similar patients and clients.
The
comparison between the “F” scores shows that the New formula is
a little more effective than the Old formula in this use. The difference
is, however, not statistically significant, nor is the comparison
of the means.
The
AD/HD population is quite small. However, the ”F” score of 5.96
is so high that even with the low “n”, the comparison to non formula
is statistically very significant. The “F” score comparison between
the formulae is not statistically significant. Nevertheless, the
combination of the “F” score of 1.59 and the nearly 2 to 1 drop
in the mean do indicate very favorably in favor of the New Formula.
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